Standard naturalization
The usual 5-year route to citizenship for lawful permanent residents. This page separates durable statutory requirements from filing fees, testing rules, and processing information that change over time.
Age
Generally at least 18 when filing Form N-400.
Lawful permanent residence
Generally 5 years as a lawful permanent resident for the standard pathway.
Continuous residence
Generally 5 years immediately before filing, with special rules for absences.
Physical presence
At least 30 months in the United States during the 5-year statutory period.
State or USCIS district residence
Generally at least 3 months before filing.
Good moral character
Required during the statutory period and through naturalization; USCIS may consider conduct outside the period in some circumstances.
English and civics
Testing rules depend on filing date and may be modified or waived for qualifying applicants.
Oath of Allegiance
Naturalization is completed after approval and administration of the oath, unless an exception applies.
Current N-400 fees
Processing time
CitizenApproved does not publish a fixed month range as if it were a forecast. USCIS processing times change by form, category and office; use the live government tool for the current service indicator.
How to read processing times →USCIS live toolPrimary legal sources
Educational information, not legal advice. Last policy review: August 29, 2026.